What does the term "brownstone" refer to in NYC architecture?

The term "brownstone" specifically refers to a type of residential building, typically a townhouse, that is constructed from brown sandstone, a material known for its rich, warm color and durability. This architectural style became particularly popular in the 19th century and is closely associated with urban residential developments in cities like New York.

Brownstones are characterized by their distinctive facade, often featuring stoops leading up to the entrance, large windows, and ornate detailing. These features reflect the style of that era and contribute to the historical significance of neighborhoods like Harlem, Brooklyn, and the Upper West Side, where many brownstones are located. Their appeal lies not only in their aesthetic qualities but also in their historical context, as they represent a significant part of New York City’s architectural heritage.